INDUSTRY SEGMENTS
Upstream
Upstream Onshore Conventional
Oil and Gas treatment facilities for conventional onshore developments. Oil gathering and separation systems and gas treatment and fractionation plants constitute the bulk of this segment; but EOR systems (such as gas injection) are also present, alongside similar brownfield projects aiming at extending the life of ageing fields.
Oil Sands
There are mainly two kinds of projects in this segment. Very large mining projects, and smaller SAGD recovery projects. While the former is self-explanatory, the latter relies on the injection of steam in the tar reservoir in order to facilitate extraction.
Offshore Platforms
Traditional offshore developments composed of topsides mounted on jackets anchored to the seabed. Alongside larger manned platforms, there are smaller unmanned wellhead platforms. Decommissioning projects are increasingly important in regions such as the North Sea.
FPSO/TLP/SPAR
Surface facilities for deep-water development projects. FPSO’s tend to be transformed from oil tankers, but purpose built vessels are all but infrequent. TLPs and SPARs differ in their mooring systems, and are closer in concept to traditional offshore developments, even though relying on subsea field developments.
Subsea Field Development
Subsea facilities for deep-water developments. Subsea production systems (SPS) tied back to a platform of FPSO through flowlines, risers and umbilicals. Tiebacks to existing platforms are increasingly popular for cost reasons.
Midstream
LNG Onshore Liquefaction Plant
Oil and Gas treatment facilities for conventional onshore developments. Oil gathering and separation systems and gas treatment and fractionation plants constitute the bulk of this segment; but EOR systems (such as gas injection) are also present, alongside similar brownfield projects aiming at extending the life of ageing fields.
Small Scale LNG
ssLNG plants are expected projected to expand rapidly to support local demand of marine LNG bunkering, LNG road trucking and off-grid power.
Floating LNG (FLNG)
Deployed directly on offshore fields, these plants are comparable to FPSOs in their concept. Due to costs and conceptual development reasons, they are not widespread yet.
FSRU
Floating version of a regasification plant. Often leased, for cost reasons, and moored for connection to the national gas grid. Sometimes built as a complement to a gas fired power project.
Onshore Pipeline
Pipeline transporting gas, crude or products: onshore sections. Frequent scope of works include substitution or revamping of compression stations for gas pipelines, but greenfield projects are far more common.
Offshore Pipeline
Pipeline transporting gas, crude or products: offshore sections. Highly specialised scope of work. Brownfield projects (i.e. pipe replacement) are still rare.
Storage and Terminals
Broad segment including all facilities aimed at storing and receiving crude and products. Alongside oil tank farms, we find LNG storage tanks and underground gas storage facilities.
Downstream
Gas-to-Liquid (GTL)
Facilities aimed at the production of synfuel from natural gas. Heavily penalised by current energy prices.
Petrochemical
Broad segment including all facilities for the production of chemicals derived from crude and gas. Two broad categories: aromatics and olefins. Olefins (such as ethylene, propylene and derivatives) constitute the largest group. Brownfield projects aimed at revamping existing plants constitute a substantial portion of the projects in this segment.
Refining
Alongside greenfield refinery developments, it includes all the modernisation projects aimed at meeting increasingly stricter clean fuels regulations. Expansions of existing plants are also popular, combined with upgrade projects or on a standalone basis.
Fertilizers
Ammonia, urea or combined plants. Revamping projects of existing facilities are also frequent. The latest developments often include production capabilities for diesel exhaust fuel additives (DEF).
PROJECT STATUS
PLANNING
The project has not been sanctioned yet. It can be at a design stage and/or being discussed internally the funding and the Final Investment Decision (FID)
ONGOING
Project that is being delivered after a formal award and with a defined scope of work)
BID ONGOING
The project has not been awarded yet. The bidding phase is still ongoing, the contractors involved are submitting their proposals. RFPs and Tender requests are closely monitored in this phase.
COMPLETED
Construction, pre-commissioning and commissioning have been completed on the project and production has commenced at the plant.
JUST AWARDED
Award of the tendered Contract(s) to selected Contractor(s) – frequently in Consortium and/or Joint Venture
ON HOLD
Project that was being delivered after a formal award and that has now been interrupted.
CANCELLED
Project has progressed to a certain point and has then been abandoned. The reasons are nearly always due to financing problems, a lack of final consenting approval or political intervention
INFO BY PROJECT
| SupplHi ID | Unique ID code assigned to a single project. It allows to constantly track the project and to perform “vlookups” for internal use on Excel files. |
| Project Name | The most detailed element of knowledge in the Database. It is named according to the most characterizing features (e.g. the name of the location, client, activity performed, …). It is present in the Database as many times as necessary to allow for optimal tracking – depending on the number of scopes of work, Contractors, contracts and statuses. |
| Phase / Package | Identifies projects that are typically associated to different phases and packages. |
| Industry | Often named after its principal product (e.g. Oil & Gas, Chemicals, Power, …), and further split in macro-segments and segments. |
| Macro-Segment and Segment | The main phases of the value chain of a specific industry. They are designed to be homogeneous in terms of competitive dynamics and main actors involved. The SupplHi Team puts a great effort in associating the projects to the right segment, providing standardization in the industry. |
| Onshore / Offshore | Projects can be associated to either Onshore or Offshore activities. |
| Greenfield / Expansion / Brownfield | Greenfield refers to new developments, while Expansion is an entire new unit associated to an existing project and Brownfield (frequently mentioned as revamping) activities are linked to the improvement of existing plants and may require – as well – high volumes of CAPEX. |
| Scope of work | The high level description of the work to be performed under a contract or subcontract within the project (e.g. an entire refinery, the Utilities package of a large Upstream plant, …). |
| Destination (Region / Country / Location) | Typically the nearest town to where the Project will be delivered or, for Offshore projects, the name of the field or block. It does not necessarily represent the main place where the activities will be executed. All projects are geo-localized and made available on an online map, allowing to zoom in on the facility involved. |
| End-User(s) | The final user of the project, typically comprising multiple companies, frequently in Joint Ventures for that specific project. Percentages of the JV are indicated in the Project Notes. |
| Operator/Main End-User | The ones influencing the technical specifications and Vendor List of a project, because they will be operating the plant for multiple years. For this information, SupplHi adopts a Group-first perspective, giving priority to any Groups of companies Operating the plant. |
| Contractor | The company(ies) executing the project and managing the main contract (they maybe sub-contracting a part of the activities). It can be a single player as well as a Joint Venture or Consortium of players (in this case the names of the members are separated by a “/” in the Database). Information on the leadership of the JV or Consortium and specific scope of work are provided in the Notes. Engineering Co.’s typically carry out the FEED activities, while EPC Contractors the Engineering, Procurement and Construction phase. |
| Country of Project Execution | The country where the project is mainly executed (e.g. the country where the shipyard is building an FPSO, or the country where the engineering center is located for a FEED execution) |
| Contract type | The type of contractual relationship between the End-User and the Engineering Co. / EPC Contractor Co. The main types of contracts are described in the next section. |
| Estimated Award, Start and End dates | The set of dates when, respectively, the Contract was awarded, started and is expected to be completed by the Engineering Co. / EPC Contractor Co. When not available on the market, the SupplHi Team provides an estimate, based on its best knowledge of the project. |
| Capacity | The capacity added to the plant under a standard unit of measure. In case of brownfield projects, only the incremental is considered. |
| CAPEX | The amount of money required to deliver the scope of work of the contract for the project. It is expressed in Million USD, homogenized by the SupplHi Team using the average annual FX rate to USD. When the information is not available on the market, an Estimated CAPEX is always derived by the SupplHi Team, using linear regressions with high coefficients of determination (e.g. R2>70%). |
| Project Probability | The SupplHi Team uniquely assigns – for all projects – a probability to each project in the Database to discover which projects are most likely to be completed and which are most likely to fail. Many factors can affect the outcome of a project, both exogenous, such as new governmental regulations, and endogenous, such as a company’s history of previous works, and they must all be taken into consideration during this type of analysis. |
| Weighted CAPEX | Allows to calculate the real market size for a specific segment, geography, client and others. It is produced by multiplying the CAPEX (always available) and the Project Probability. |
| Technology | The technology license utilized for a specific project. This is particularly relevant in the Downstream macro-segment (Refining, Petrochemicals and Fertilizers), with indication of the licensor. In case multiple licenses are present, the Project Notes provide more details on the specific application. |
| Notes | Provide more detailed descriptions of the characteristics, scope of work, status and stakeholders of the project. When available, they also provide info on the status of the funding and of the Contractors that are involved in the Bidding phase of the project. |
| Last Info Update | Represents the last time when the SupplHi Team updated the information on that specific project – allowing you to easily prioritize your review of the information available. |
CONTRACT TYPE
| Feasibility Study | Assessment of the viability of a development, both from a commercial and a technical point of view. |
| Basic Design | Basic Engineering comes after the Conceptual Design or Feasibility study. It focuses on the technical requirements as well as the rough investment and cost estimates for the project. |
| Technology Licensing | Contract based on which a company will supply the license and/or technology for a specific facility. |
| Project Management Consulting (PMC) | An engineering contractor that overlooks the EPC Contractor’s work to ensure compliance with the scope of work on behalf of the Client. Project management practices, processes or methodologies are usually involved. |
| Front End Engineering and Design (FEED) | A basic engineering performed after the Conceptual design or Feasibility study. It focuses on the technical requirements as well as the rough investment cost estimates for the project. It can be divided into separate packages covering different portions of the project. The FEED package is used as a basis for bids on the Execution Phase Contracts (EPC, EPCI, …) and is the basis for detailed designs. |
| EPC Services | Broad category of services related to the EPC activities, which include: Feasibility Study, Basic Design, Technology Licensing, PMC, FEED, EPCM and other Engineering-related activities. |
| Final Investment Decision (FID) | It is the investment decision made by the End-User to approve the execution of a new capital project. FIDs are made only when the financing for the project has been secured. FIDs must not be confused with FEEDs. |
| Engineering, Procurement, Construction (EPC) | EPC works are awarded to only one company (or consortium) that is fully responsible for the whole project, including all project risks. This does not prevent the EPC contractor from subcontracting part of the work. |
| Engineering, Procurement (EP) | This type of contract differs from an EPC Contract, as the Contractor is not directly involved in the construction but is responsible for managing the Construction Contracts. |
| Engineering, Procurement, Construction Management (EPCM) | EPC model which refers only to the management of (E,P,C) subcontractors and thus taking a smaller portion of the risks associated with the EPC project. |
| Construction | Site preparation and on-site construction of fixed structures or facilities according to project requirements. |
| Engineering, Procurement, Construction, Installation (EPCI) | Lump Sum Turn Key (LSTK) type of Contract integrating the responsibility starting from the conception to the installation and final acceptance of one or more elements of a production system. It is typically used for Offshore projects and can be awarded for all, or part, of a field development. |
| Installation | Offshore construction consists of the installation of structures and facilities in a marine environment through dedicated Construction Support Vessels. |
| Build Operate Transfer (BOT) | Full value chain approach where the contractor builds the plant, operates it and transfers it at the end of the operation contract to e.g. a government or private client. |
| Build Own Operate Transfer (BOOT) | Similar to BOT, but offering the additional service of investing in the plant, (partly) owning it. |
| Build-Operate-Own, Build-Lease-Transfer (BOO / BLT) | The contractor not only builds the project but is also involved in managing the finished facility. These contracts transfer significant financial and operational risks to the contractors and are mainly used by governments that lack the investment capacity or by private companies that consider the finished product non-strategic for their business. |
| Operation & Maintenance (O&M) | Usually an additional service/ value chain coverage provided by e.g. the EPC contractor, which also operates and conducts maintenance on the plant that has been built. Ensures a smooth transfer into operation mode. |
| Maintenance | Preventive and corrective maintenance of a specific plant, or part of it, which is frequently multi-disciplinary (electrical, instrumentation, …). |
| Maintenance & Modifications | Contract awarded at a production site. The contractor is responsible for ensuring the project operates without issues and is responsible for undertaking any preventive and corrective maintenance. |
| Frame Agreement | A framework is an agreement with suppliers to establish terms governing contracts that may be awarded on multiple projects during the life of the agreement. |
| Lump Sum Turn Key (LSTK) | Client and contractor negotiate a fixed price before operations start. The contractor is responsible for delivering the project to the client, in time and with all required specifications, otherwise high penalties apply. |
| Reimbursable | Under cost reimbursable or cost plus regime the end-user pays the contractor for costs incurred plus a predetermined margin or profit. |
ACRONYMS
1P
Proven Reserves
2P
Proven + Probable Reserves
3P
Proven + Probable + Possible Reserves
ASU
Air Separation Unit
BDO
Butanediol
BOG
Boil Off Gas
CAN
Calcium Ammonium Nitrate
CCS
Carbon Capture Storage
CDU
Crude Distillation Unit
CPF
Central Process Facilities
CTL
Coal-To-Liquid
CTM
Coal-To-Methanol
DCC
Deep Catalytic Cracking
DCP
Dicumyl Peroxide
DCU
Delayed Coker Unit
DHDS
DeHydroDeSulfurization
DNT
Dinitrotoluene
E&P
Exploration and Production
ECA
Export Credit Agency
EOR
Enhanced Oil Recovery
EPDM
Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer
ETBE
Ethyl Tert-Butyl Ether
ETO
Ethoxylation
FCC
Fluid Catalytic Cracking
FLNG
Floating Liquefied Natural Gas
FPSO
Floating Production Storage and Offloading
FPU
Floating Production Unit
FSO
Floating Storage
FSRU
Floating Storage Regasification Unit
FSU
Floating Storage Unit
GOSP
Gas Oil Separation Plant
GTL
Gas to Liquids
GTP
Gas to Polymers
HDPE
High-Density Polyethylene
HP-LDPE
High Pressure Low Density Polyethylene
HR-PIB
Highly-Reactive Polyisobutene
IB
Isobutylene
IOC
International Oil Company
LDPE
Low-Density Polyethylene
LLDPE
Linear Low-Density Polyethylene
LNG
Liquefied Natural Gas
LPG
Liquefied Petroleum Gas
M&M
Maintenance & Modification
MDI
Methylene Diphenyl Diisocyanate
MEG
Monoethylene Glycol
MoU
Memorandum of Understanding
MTBE
Methyl Tert-Butyl Ether
MTO
Methanol-To-Olefins
NGL
Natural Gas Liquids
NOC
National Oil Company
PDH
Propane DeHydrogenation
PE
PolyEthylene
PET
Polyethylene Terephthalate
PO
Propylene Oxide
PolyTHF
Polytetrahydrofuran
PP
PolyPropylene
PPS
Polyphenylene Sulfide
PSC
Production Sharing Contract
PTA
Purified Terephthalic Acid
SAGD
Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage
SMR
Steam Methane Reformer
SPS
Subsea Production System
SRU
Sulfur Recovery Units
S-SBR
Synthetic Rubber
SURF
Subsea, Umbilicals, Risers and Flowlines
TBA
Tert-Butyl Alcohol
TDI
Toluene Diisocyanate
TLP
Tension Leg Platform
U&O
Utilities & Offsites
ULQ
Utility and Living Quarters
VDU
Vacuum Distillation Unit
XLPE
Cross-Linked Polyethylene
UNITS OF MEASURE
b/d
Barrel per day
b/sd
Barrel per stream day
b/y
Barrel per year
Bboe
Billion barrels of oil equivalent
Bcfd
Billion cubic feet per day
Bcm
Billion cubic metres
Billion
m3/y Billion cubic metres per year
bpd
Barrel per day
cu m/d
Cubic metres per day
cu m/hr
Cubic metres per hour
in
Inches
Km
Kilometre
lb/year
pounds per year
m
Metres
m.t./year
Million tons per year
m³
Cubic metres
m³/d
Cubic metres per day
m³/y
Cubic metres per year
Mcm
Million cubic metres
million lb/year
Million pounds per year
Mm³/y
Million cubic metres per year
MMbbl
Million barrels per day
MMboe
Million barrels of oil equivalent
MMcf/d, MMcfd
Million cubic feet per day
MTPA
Million tons per annum
MTPD
Million tons per day
MW
Megawatt
t
Tons
t/a or t/y
Tons per annum or Tons per year
t/d
Tons per day
TCF
Trillion cubic feet
TPD
Tons per day